International Reserves (US$bn)


What is it?

Total international reserves include monetary gold, special drawing rights, reserves of IMF members at the IMF, and holdings of foreign exchange by the monetary authorities.


The data

Country
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Afghanistan
5.162
6.345
7.152
7.289
7.529
6.977
7.282
8.097
8.207
Albania
2.541
2.471
2.600
2.773
2.665
3.139
3.109
3.589
3.894
Algeria
170.461
191.369
200.587
201.437
186.351
150.595
120.788
104.853
87.383
Angola
19.679
27.040
31.162
31.501
27.032
23.791
23.672
17.455
15.410
Antigua and Barbuda
0.137
0.148
0.162
0.203
0.297
0.356
0.330
0.314
0.329
Argentina
52.208
46.266
43.223
30.534
31.411
25.521
38.415
55.314
66.222
Armenia
1.866
1.932
1.799
2.252
1.489
1.775
2.204
2.314
2.259
Aruba
0.709
0.690
0.769
0.653
0.680
0.816
0.923
0.907
0.980
Australia
42.268
46.714
49.138
52.837
53.910
45.712
53.556
66.598
53.881
Austria
22.242
24.769
27.211
23.317
25.001
22.240
23.255
21.565
23.191
Azerbaijan
6.409
10.274
11.277
15.176
15.816
7.319
6.574
6.681
6.666
Bahamas
1.044
1.070
0.847
0.807
0.874
0.895
1.002
1.414
Bahrain
5.299
4.774
5.454
5.528
6.229
3.546
2.612
2.823
2.334
Bangladesh
11.175
9.175
12.754
18.088
22.320
27.493
32.284
33.431
32.028
Barbados
0.834
0.813
0.840
0.681
0.632
0.554
0.432
Belarus
5.025
7.863
8.095
6.654
5.068
4.173
4.908
7.315
7.158
Belgium
26.779
29.114
30.769
26.946
25.444
24.102
23.481
26.151
26.857
Belize
0.218
0.237
0.289
0.403
0.487
0.437
0.377
0.312
0.294
Bhutan
1.002
0.790
0.955
0.991
1.245
1.103
1.127
1.206
0.987
Bolivia
9.731
11.995
13.924
14.429
15.129
13.050
10.054
10.246
8.930
Bosnia and Herzegovina
4.411
4.248
4.390
4.984
4.860
4.791
5.136
6.474
6.808
Botswana
7.885
8.082
7.628
7.726
8.323
7.546
7.189
7.491
6.657
Brazil
288.575
352.010
373.161
358.816
363.570
356.465
364.984
373.956
374.710
Brunei Darussalam
1.563
2.584
3.449
3.575
3.649
3.366
3.487
3.488
3.407
Bulgaria
17.223
17.216
20.507
19.883
20.130
22.153
25.176
28.376
28.711
Burundi
0.332
0.295
0.309
0.329
0.317
0.136
0.095
0.097
0.068
Cabo Verde
0.382
0.339
0.376
0.475
0.511
0.494
0.573
0.617
0.606
Cambodia
3.817
4.062
4.933
4.998
6.108
7.307
8.852
11.780
13.886
Cameroon
3.643
3.199
3.381
3.472
3.168
3.536
2.226
3.197
3.459
Canada
57.151
65.819
68.546
71.937
74.700
79.754
82.718
86.678
83.926
Cayman Islands
0.162
Central African Republic
0.181
0.155
0.158
0.194
0.260
0.214
0.240
0.363
0.362
Chad
0.632
0.951
1.156
1.183
1.076
0.369
0.008
0.009
0.148
Chile
27.827
41.944
41.649
41.093
40.447
38.641
40.493
38.982
39.859
China
2,913.712
3,254.674
3,387.513
3,880.368
3,900.039
3,405.253
3,097.658
3,235.682
3,168.216
China, Hong Kong SAR
285.399
317.362
311.210
328.517
358.773
386.293
431.442
424.620
China, Macao SAR
23.726
34.026
16.600
16.146
16.444
18.891
19.492
20.170
20.281
Colombia
28.076
31.896
36.998
43.159
46.809
46.223
46.174
47.131
47.888
Comoros
0.146
0.156
0.195
0.174
0.171
0.201
0.159
0.208
0.199
Congo
4.447
5.641
5.550
5.245
4.926
2.221
0.714
0.380
0.424
Costa Rica
4.627
4.756
6.857
7.331
7.211
7.834
7.574
7.150
7.501
Croatia
14.133
14.484
14.807
17.767
15.424
14.967
14.244
18.818
19.991
Cyprus
1.142
1.187
1.191
0.916
0.894
0.808
0.812
0.888
0.924
Czechia
42.483
40.283
44.885
56.218
54.495
64.490
85.725
147.976
142.512
Dem. Rep. of the Congo
1.300
1.268
1.633
1.678
1.557
1.216
0.708
0.695
0.665
Denmark
76.510
84.955
89.698
88.677
75.392
65.185
64.216
75.244
70.942
Djibouti
0.249
0.244
0.249
0.425
0.393
0.365
0.407
0.556
0.454
Dominica
0.076
0.081
0.095
0.087
0.101
0.126
0.222
0.212
0.191
Dominican Republic
3.874
4.114
3.559
4.701
4.862
5.266
6.134
6.873
7.718
Ecuador
2.622
2.958
2.486
4.346
3.941
2.487
4.216
2.170
2.159
Egypt
37.029
18.638
15.672
16.536
14.927
15.859
23.643
36.400
41.839
El Salvador
2.882
2.493
3.176
2.745
2.693
2.787
3.238
3.567
3.569
Equatorial Guinea
2.346
3.054
4.397
4.567
2.907
1.205
0.062
0.046
0.049
Eritrea
0.114
0.115
Estonia
2.567
0.207
0.301
0.314
0.437
0.415
0.352
0.345
0.755
Eswatini
0.756
0.601
0.741
0.763
0.691
0.548
0.564
0.563
0.441
Ethiopia
2.241
2.837
2.302
2.364
3.525
3.835
3.031
3.046
3.987
Fiji
0.721
0.833
0.921
0.942
0.916
0.919
0.909
1.116
0.948
Finland
9.547
10.276
11.082
11.272
10.679
10.016
10.465
10.507
10.309
France
165.852
168.490
184.522
145.161
143.977
138.199
145.866
156.322
166.483
Gabon
1.736
2.157
2.352
3.004
2.478
1.863
0.789
0.965
1.321
Gambia
0.202
0.223
0.236
0.211
0.159
0.111
0.088
0.170
0.192
Georgia
2.264
2.818
2.873
2.823
2.699
2.521
2.756
3.039
3.289
Germany
215.978
234.104
248.856
198.535
193.485
173.731
184.031
199.983
198.027
Ghana
5.158
5.914
5.835
5.588
5.564
5.743
5.867
7.015
6.295
Greece
6.352
6.743
7.255
5.763
6.236
6.028
6.851
7.804
7.579
Grenada
0.119
0.121
0.119
0.151
0.170
0.198
0.208
0.199
0.234
Guatemala
5.949
6.174
6.694
7.269
7.331
7.746
9.153
11.765
12.583
Guinea
0.302
0.947
0.763
0.854
0.984
0.654
0.804
0.943
1.225
Guyana
0.782
0.802
0.864
0.784
0.668
0.532
0.581
0.565
0.519
Haiti
1.893
1.882
2.166
2.518
2.035
1.978
2.174
2.410
2.371
Honduras
2.701
2.783
2.532
3.008
3.458
3.754
3.814
4.708
4.769
Hungary
44.988
48.832
44.671
46.508
42.020
33.124
25.824
28.003
31.367
Iceland
5.789
8.548
4.192
4.238
4.177
5.041
7.226
6.566
6.321
India
300.480
298.739
300.426
298.092
325.081
353.319
361.694
412.614
399.167
Indonesia
96.211
110.137
112.798
99.387
111.863
105.929
116.370
130.215
120.661
Iraq
50.622
61.033
70.327
77.747
66.282
53.992
45.299
49.315
64.719
Ireland
2.114
1.695
1.708
1.636
1.749
2.203
3.589
4.413
5.223
Israel
70.907
74.874
75.908
81.786
86.101
90.575
95.446
113.010
115.266
Italy
158.478
169.872
181.670
145.725
142.756
130.592
135.133
151.120
152.362
Jamaica
2.501
2.282
1.996
1.818
2.473
2.914
3.291
3.781
3.532
Japan
1,104.564
1,295.839
1,268.086
1,266.851
1,260.680
1,233.098
1,216.519
1,264.141
1,270.467
Jordan
13.633
12.095
8.831
13.826
16.047
16.572
15.543
Kazakhstan
28.265
29.215
28.299
24.692
29.250
27.855
29.603
30.747
30.977
Kenya
4.321
4.265
5.712
6.599
7.911
7.548
7.601
7.353
8.196
Korea, Republic of
292.143
306.935
327.724
345.694
362.835
366.707
370.154
388.805
403.082
Kosovo
0.813
0.717
0.958
0.957
0.783
0.771
0.638
0.820
0.881
Kuwait
24.802
29.682
33.110
32.410
35.175
30.961
33.936
36.890
40.282
Kyrgyz Republic
1.720
1.831
2.067
2.238
1.957
1.778
1.968
2.177
2.157
Lao People's Dem. Rep.
1.105
1.178
1.274
1.065
1.219
1.054
0.880
1.271
0.980
Latvia
7.606
6.378
7.525
7.895
3.228
3.446
3.512
4.613
4.371
Lebanon
44.476
47.859
52.531
47.856
50.669
48.531
53.906
55.412
52.381
Lesotho
1.071
0.919
1.028
1.055
1.071
0.997
0.925
0.658
0.729
Liberia
0.466
0.513
0.497
0.493
0.499
0.523
0.530
0.475
Libya
106.144
110.539
124.648
119.714
93.615
77.650
70.191
79.418
85.336
Lithuania
6.598
8.202
8.529
8.073
8.729
1.697
2.600
4.450
5.771
Luxembourg
0.848
1.011
0.991
0.963
0.864
0.771
0.973
0.878
0.939
Madagascar
1.023
1.135
1.053
0.776
0.774
0.832
1.184
1.600
1.740
Malawi
0.325
0.217
0.245
0.429
0.616
0.679
0.608
0.770
0.760
Malaysia
106.528
133.572
139.731
134.854
115.959
95.282
94.481
102.447
101.453
Maldives
0.364
0.349
0.318
0.382
0.627
0.576
0.478
0.598
0.722
Malta
0.540
0.515
0.705
0.597
0.619
0.572
0.677
0.833
1.025
Mauritania
0.288
0.502
0.969
0.998
0.635
0.822
0.848
0.874
0.934
Mauritius
2.619
2.775
3.053
3.491
3.921
4.260
4.962
5.984
6.353
Mexico
120.584
149.208
167.076
180.200
195.682
177.597
177.974
175.470
176.390
Micronesia (Federated States of)
0.056
0.075
0.077
0.084
0.114
0.135
0.157
0.204
Mongolia
2.288
2.448
4.126
2.248
1.652
1.322
1.304
3.017
3.550
Montenegro
0.556
0.393
0.459
0.584
0.661
0.734
0.846
1.077
1.261
Morocco
23.709
20.167
17.138
18.798
20.272
22.750
25.096
26.190
24.461
Mozambique
2.265
2.592
2.962
3.353
3.221
2.581
2.183
3.361
3.258
Myanmar
6.045
7.362
7.353
8.836
4.509
4.599
4.886
5.214
5.646
Namibia
1.696
1.787
1.746
1.511
1.177
1.688
1.834
2.432
2.150
Nepal
3.003
3.703
4.418
5.434
6.216
8.145
8.735
9.435
8.335
Netherlands
46.147
50.411
54.816
46.309
43.054
38.214
35.906
38.422
38.432
New Zealand
16.723
17.012
17.583
16.318
15.861
14.700
17.808
20.684
17.657
Nicaragua
1.799
1.892
1.887
1.993
2.276
2.492
2.448
2.758
2.261
Nigeria
35.885
36.264
47.548
46.255
37.497
29.011
28.020
40.499
42.839
North Macedonia
2.277
2.667
2.891
2.748
2.964
2.471
2.752
2.802
3.284
Norway
53.215
49.397
51.856
58.283
64.801
57.456
60.445
65.924
63.145
Oman
13.025
14.366
14.401
15.951
16.324
17.544
20.262
16.089
17.388
Pakistan
17.256
17.698
13.688
7.651
14.307
20.028
22.028
18.456
11.837
Panama
2.714
2.304
2.466
2.848
4.032
3.378
3.847
2.703
2.121
Papua New Guinea
3.121
4.353
4.035
2.851
2.330
1.759
1.680
1.762
2.239
Paraguay
4.167
4.983
4.995
5.873
6.987
5.939
6.881
7.878
7.739
Peru
44.215
48.913
64.155
65.766
62.530
61.595
61.801
63.819
60.333
Philippines
62.326
75.123
83.789
83.182
79.629
80.640
80.666
81.414
79.196
Poland
93.473
97.712
108.902
106.221
100.452
94.903
114.329
113.267
116.957
Portugal
20.937
20.801
22.658
17.589
19.701
19.403
24.990
26.097
24.920
Qatar
31.182
16.809
33.185
42.082
43.215
37.258
31.887
15.008
30.358
Republic of Moldova
1.718
1.965
2.515
2.821
2.157
1.757
2.206
2.803
2.995
Romania
48.048
48.044
46.711
48.828
43.186
38.701
39.953
44.429
42.129
Russian Federation
479.222
497.410
537.816
509.692
386.216
368.043
377.052
432.731
468.645
Rwanda
0.806
0.933
0.719
0.948
0.842
0.816
0.806
0.887
0.909
Saint Kitts and Nevis
0.169
0.244
0.263
0.302
0.327
0.288
0.321
0.365
0.363
Saint Lucia
0.206
0.213
0.232
0.192
0.258
0.318
0.306
0.322
0.286
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
0.113
0.090
0.111
0.135
0.157
0.166
0.192
0.182
0.170
Samoa
0.189
0.146
0.148
0.150
0.121
0.122
0.099
0.131
0.170
San Marino
0.449
0.342
0.385
0.539
0.392
0.379
0.451
0.359
0.339
Sao Tome and Principe
0.048
0.052
0.052
0.064
0.064
0.073
0.063
0.059
0.044
Saudi Arabia
459.313
556.571
673.740
737.796
744.441
626.990
547.267
509.457
509.469
Serbia
13.308
15.583
14.403
15.432
12.052
11.345
10.749
11.906
12.874
Seychelles
0.256
0.279
0.308
0.426
0.465
0.536
0.524
0.545
0.550
Sierra Leone
0.409
0.439
0.478
0.533
0.601
0.579
0.497
0.549
0.503
Singapore
231.260
243.798
265.910
277.798
261.583
251.876
251.058
285.000
292.716
Slovakia
2.156
2.418
2.519
2.153
2.621
2.892
2.880
3.621
5.229
Slovenia
1.071
0.987
0.952
0.922
1.016
0.856
0.742
0.890
0.933
Solomon Islands
0.266
0.412
0.499
0.520
0.496
0.520
0.514
0.574
0.617
South Africa
43.820
48.748
50.688
49.708
49.122
45.887
47.180
50.723
51.642
South Sudan
1.282
0.948
0.417
0.230
0.068
Spain
31.872
46.705
50.588
46.335
50.412
53.974
63.040
69.400
70.633
Sri Lanka
7.195
6.739
7.106
7.500
8.211
7.302
6.008
7.959
State of Palestine
0.532
0.498
0.664
0.685
0.672
0.581
0.313
0.446
0.538
Sudan
1.036
0.193
0.193
0.193
0.181
0.174
0.168
0.178
Suriname
0.691
0.817
1.009
0.779
0.625
0.330
0.381
0.425
0.581
Sweden
48.246
50.214
52.245
65.363
62.579
58.099
59.362
62.191
60.566
Switzerland
270.480
330.586
531.302
536.235
545.787
602.403
678.910
811.031
787.021
Syrian Arab Republic
20.632
Tajikistan
0.403
0.519
0.631
0.661
0.513
0.493
0.645
1.292
1.284
Thailand
172.028
174.891
181.481
167.230
157.163
156.460
171.772
202.538
205.641
Timor-Leste
0.406
0.462
0.884
0.687
0.311
0.438
0.281
0.544
0.674
Tonga
0.105
0.143
0.152
0.156
0.159
0.156
0.176
0.199
0.227
Trinidad and Tobago
9.692
10.501
9.897
10.675
11.971
10.381
9.994
8.892
8.109
Tunisia
9.764
7.785
8.718
7.550
7.498
7.559
6.137
6.144
5.661
Turkey
85.959
87.937
119.183
131.054
127.422
110.490
105.946
107.657
92.983
Uganda
2.706
2.617
3.167
3.338
3.316
2.909
3.098
3.721
3.359
Ukraine
34.571
31.789
24.553
20.414
7.539
13.301
15.537
18.811
20.818
United Arab Emirates
32.785
37.269
47.035
68.203
78.424
93.929
85.391
95.378
99.503
United Kingdom
98.025
109.734
117.157
118.750
124.487
148.109
134.932
150.858
172.658
United Republic of Tanzania
3.905
3.726
4.052
4.674
4.390
4.081
4.351
5.888
5.050
United States of America
488.929
537.267
574.268
448.509
434.416
383.728
405.942
451.285
449.907
Uruguay
7.656
10.302
13.605
16.281
17.555
15.634
13.472
15.959
15.557
Uzbekistan
22.502
24.196
24.287
26.284
28.071
27.077
Vanuatu
0.161
0.174
0.182
0.179
0.184
0.269
0.267
0.395
0.421
Venezuela (Bolivarian Rep. of)
29.665
27.935
29.469
20.275
21.455
15.625
10.150
9.794
Vietnam
12.467
13.539
25.573
25.893
34.189
28.250
36.527
49.076
55.453
Yemen
5.939
4.525
6.151
5.344
Zambia
2.094
2.324
3.042
2.684
3.078
2.968
2.353
2.082
1.569
Zimbabwe
0.732
0.660
0.576
0.475
0.364
0.435
0.407
0.293
0.087

Source: World Bank